考研英语:定语从句和同位语从句三大区别
(一)连接词作用不同。
以that为例,连接定语从句的that一定会在从句中充当一定的成分;而连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether和how可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。关系代词和关系副词除了连接从句的作用外,还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。引导定语从句的'连接词是关系词,常见的关系代词和关系副词有that,which,who,whose,whom,when,where,why,as,than,but等
Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.
Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.
(二)先行词不同。
定语从句先行词既可以是人,也可以是物。相当于形容词。
Themoonisasatellitethatgoesroundtheearth.
Thefewpointsthatthepresidentstressedinhisreportareveryimportant.
同位语从句进一步说明的是具有抽象概念的词,其作用相当于名词,对前面的名词进行补充说明。如fact,result,discovery,belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,news,possibility,thought,order,suggestion,wish,answer,information,conclusion,decision,discovery,knowledge,law,opinion,problem,promise,proof,question,report,truth,risk等等。
Hehasanideathathecanmakethescientificinstrumentinabetterway.
HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcometoChina.
(三)从引导词来看
如果引导从句的词为when表示时间,where表示地点,why表示原因,how怎么样,表示方式,而它前面的词分别表示时间,地点,原因,方式等意义,那它们就是关系副词,引导的是定语从句。
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIsawtheGreatWall.
ThisistheroomwhereLuXunoncelived.
Thequestionwhenwewillstarttheworkisnotdecided.
YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.